ROTARY EVAPORATOR
A rotary evaporator (or rotavap) is a laboratory device used to remove solvents from samples through evaporation under reduced pressure. It works by rotating a flask containing the solution, while gently heating it and applying a vacuum, allowing the solvent to evaporate at a lower temperature. It is widely used in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and food research for concentration, purification, and solvent recovery.
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The Kjeldahl apparatus is used to determine the nitrogen content in organic compounds, which helps estimate protein levels in food, feed, and other samples. The process involves digestion, distillation, and titration. In digestion, nitrogen is converted to ammonium sulfate; during distillation, ammonia is released and captured; titration quantifies nitrogen. It’s widely used in agriculture, food, and environmental labs.
An HPLC column (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography column) is a crucial component of an HPLC system used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a liquid sample.
A UV-Vis Spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorbance or transmittance of a sample in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light spectrum (typically 190–800 nm). It is widely used to determine the concentration of substances in solution based on Beer-Lambert’s Law.
A Thermal Gravimetric Instrument (TGA) measures changes in a material’s weight as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature. It helps determine thermal stability, composition, and decomposition temperatures. TGA is widely used in material science, polymers, and pharmaceuticals for quality control and research applications.
A laboratory freezer is a specialized unit used to store biological samples, chemicals, reagents, and vaccines at low temperatures, typically ranging from –20°C to –80°C. It ensures sample stability and prevents degradation. Laboratory freezers are essential in research, clinical, and pharmaceutical settings for long-term preservation and safety.
A water distiller is a device used to purify water by boiling it into steam and then condensing the steam back into liquid. This process removes impurities such as salts, heavy metals, microorganisms, and most chemicals. Distilled water is often used in laboratories, medical settings, and for appliances like steam irons where mineral-free water is required. Although effective, distillation is slower and more energy-intensive compared to other filtration methods.
A magnetic stirrer hot plate is a common laboratory device used to heat and stir liquids simultaneously. It consists of a flat heating surface and a rotating magnetic field that spins a magnetic stir bar placed inside the liquid.
A laboratory chiller is a cooling device used to maintain a constant low temperature for laboratory instruments or processes. It works by circulating chilled fluid (like water or glycol) through equipment such as rotary evaporators, condensers, lasers, or reactors to dissipate heat.
FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) is an analytical technique used to identify organic, polymeric, and some inorganic materials. It works by measuring how a sample absorbs infrared (IR) light at different wavelengths. The resulting spectrum represents the molecular fingerprint of the material, showing characteristic peaks corresponding to specific chemical bonds.
A Flash Point Tester is an instrument used to determine the flash point of a liquid—the lowest temperature at which it emits enough vapor to ignite in air when exposed to an ignition source. This property is critical for assessing the flammability and fire hazard of fuels, solvents, oils, and other chemicals.
A colorimeter is a device used to measure the concentration of colored compounds in a solution by detecting the amount of light absorbed. It works on Beer-Lambert’s law and is widely used in chemistry, biology, and environmental labs. Colorimeters help in water testing, food analysis, and clinical diagnostics for quick, accurate color-based measurements.
GC-MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) is an analytical technique used to separate and identify chemical substances in a sample. It combines Gas Chromatography (GC) for separating components based on volatility and Mass Spectrometry (MS) for identifying them based on their mass-to-charge ratio. GC-MS is widely used in forensics, environmental testing, drug detection, food analysis, and research due to its high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting trace-level compounds.
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