PYCNOMETER
A pycnometer is a laboratory device used to determine the density or specific gravity of liquids and fine solids. It is usually a small glass flask with a close-fitting stopper that has a capillary hole to allow air to escape. Pycnometers provide highly accurate measurements and are commonly used in chemistry and material science.
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PCR tubes are small, thin-walled plastic tubes used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to hold DNA samples during thermal cycling. Made of polypropylene, they ensure efficient heat transfer and chemical resistance. They typically come in 0.2 mL or 0.5 mL sizes, with flat or domed caps. PCR tubes are essential for precise and contamination-free DNA amplification.
Beaker is a common laboratory container used for mixing, stirring, and heating chemicals. It is usually made of glass or plastic and has a cylindrical shape with a flat bottom and a small spout for easy pouring. Beakers come in various sizes and have volume markings, but they are not used for precise measurements.
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Conical flask, also known as an Erlenmeyer flask, is a laboratory container with a conical body, flat bottom, and a narrow neck. It is used for mixing, heating, and storing liquids. The narrow neck helps reduce spillage and allows for use with stoppers. It is ideal for titrations, as it can be easily swirled without risk of spilling.
Boiling flasks are used for heating and boiling of liquids. The flasks are designed to have round bodies with long, thin necks to facilitate uniform heat distribution and minimize evaporation. Boiling flasks are typically made of borosilicate glass, which is resistant to thermal shock and chemicals. Some boiling flasks have rounded or conical bottoms and need support to stand upright, while others have flat bottoms and can stand alone.
The Le Chatelier Specific Gravity Bottle is a specialized glass apparatus used to determine the specific gravity (relative density) of fine materials like cement. It has a narrow neck with a graduated scale and a bulb at the bottom. The bottle accurately measures the volume displaced by a known weight of material, helping assess quality and consistency in construction materials.
Cuvettes are small transparent containers used in spectrophotometry to hold liquid samples for absorbance or transmittance measurements. Made of glass, plastic, or quartz, they allow light to pass through the sample. Quartz cuvettes are preferred for UV light analysis. They are essential for accurate optical readings and must be handled carefully to avoid contamination or scratches.
A vacuum distillation glass set is a laboratory apparatus used to distill liquids at reduced pressure, allowing substances with high boiling points to vaporize at lower temperatures. This prevents thermal decomposition and is ideal for heat-sensitive compounds.
A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (relative density) of liquids. It consists of a sealed glass tube with a weighted bottom, allowing it to float upright. The level to which it sinks indicates the liquid’s density. Hydrometers are commonly used in brewing, winemaking, and battery testing.
Racks are laboratory tools used to hold, organize, and store test tubes safely and upright. They are made of plastic, wood, or metal and come in various sizes to fit different tube diameters. These racks help prevent spillage, breakage, and contamination during experiments, making them essential for safe and efficient laboratory work.
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