A UV-Vis Spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorbance or transmittance of a sample in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light spectrum (typically 190–800 nm). It is widely used to determine the concentration of substances in solution based on Beer-Lambert’s Law.

A water distiller is a device used to purify water by boiling it into steam and then condensing the steam back into liquid. This process removes impurities such as salts, heavy metals, microorganisms, and most chemicals. Distilled water is often used in laboratories, medical settings, and for appliances like steam irons where mineral-free water is required. Although effective, distillation is slower and more energy-intensive compared to other filtration methods.